| Op. 1 | Scherzo in F# Minor (1919) | |
| Op. 2 | Eight Preludes (1919-1920) | |
| Op. 3 | Theme and Variations in B Flat Major (1921-1922) | |
| Op. 4 | Two Fables (1922) | |
| Op. 5 | Three Fantastic Dances (1922) | |
| Op. 6 | Suite for Two Pianos (1922) | |
| Op. 7 | Scherzo in E Flat Major (1923-1924) | |
| Op. 8 | Piano Trio No. 1 (1923) | |
| Op. 9 | Three Pieces for Cello and Piano [lost] (1923-1924) | |
| Op. 10 | Symphony No. 1 in F Minor (1924-1925) | |
| Op. 11 | Two Pieces for String Octet (1924-1925) | |
| Op. 12 | Piano Sonata No. 1 (1926) | |
| Op. 13 | Aphorisms (1927) | |
| Op. 14 | Symphony No. 2 'To October' (1927) | |
| Op. 15 | Nose, opera (1927-1928) | |
| Op. 15a | Suite from The Nose (1927-1928) | |
| Op. 18 | New Babilon, film score (1928-1929) | |
| Op. 19 | The Flea (1929 ) | |
| Op. 20 | Symphony No.3 in E Flat Major, 'Pervomayskaya', The First of May (1929) | |
| Op. 21 | Six Songs (1928-1932) | |
| Op. 22 | Golden Age, ballet (1927-1930) | |
| Op. 22a | Suite from The Golden Age (1927-1930) | |
| Op. 23 | Two Pieces for Kolumbus [lost] (1929) | |
| Op. 24 | The Shot [lost] (1929) | |
| Op. 25 | Soil [lost] (1929) | |
| Op. 26 | Alone, film score (1930-1931) | |
| Op. 27 | Bolt, ballet (1930-1931) | |
| Op. 27a | Suite from Bolt (Ballet Suite No. 5) (1930-1931) | |
| Op. 28 | Rule, Britannia (1931) | |
| Op. 29 | Lady Macbeth of the Mstensk District, opera (1930-1932) | |
| Op. 30 | Golden Hills, film score (1931) | |
| Op. 30a | Suite from Goden Hills (1931) | |
| Op. 31 | Allegedly Murdered, circus sketch (1931) | |
| Op. 32 | Hamlet (1931-1932) | |
| Op. 32a | Suite from Hamlet (1932) | |
| Op. 33 | Passer-by, film score (1932) | |
| Op. 34 | Twenty-four Preludes (1932-1933) | |
| Op. 35 | Piano Concerto No. 1 in C Minor (1933) | |
| Op. 36 | The Tale of the Priest and His Servant Balda, film score (1936 ) | |
| Op. 37 | The Human Comedy (1933-1934) | |
| Op. 38 | Love and Hate, film score (1934) | |
| Op. 39 | The Limpid Stream, ballet (1934-1935) | |
| Op. 40 | Cello Sonata in D Minor (1934) | |
| Op. 41 | The Youth of Maxim, film score (1934-1935) | |
| Op. 41a | Girl Friends, film score (1934-1935) | |
| Op. 42 | Five Fragments (1935) | |
| Op. 43 | Symphony No. 4 in C Minor (1935-1936) | |
| Op. 44 | Hail, Spain (1936 ) | |
| Op. 45 | The Return of Maxim, film score (1936-1937) | |
| Op. 46 | Four Songs (1936) | |
| Op. 47 | Symphony No. 5 in D Major (1937) | |
| Op. 48 | Volochaev Days, film score (1936-1937) | |
| Op. 49 | String Quartet No. 1 in C Major (1935) | |
| Op. 50 | Vïborg District, film score (1938) | |
| Op. 50a | Suite from the 'Maxim' Film Trilogy (1961) | |
| Op. 51 | Friends, film score (1938) | |
| Op. 52 | A Great Citizen, part I, film score (1938) | |
| Op. 53 | A Man With a Gun, film score (1938) | |
| Op. 54 | Symphony No.6 in B Minor (1939) | |
| Op. 56 | A Great Citizen, part II, film score (1939) | |
| Op. 56 | Silly Little Mouse, film score [lost] (1939) | |
| Op. 57 | Piano Quintet in G Minor (1940) | |
| Op. 58a | King Lear (1940 ) | |
| Op. 59 | The Adventures of Karzinkina, film score [lost] (1940) | |
| Op. 60 | Symphony No. 7 in C Major, Leningrad (1941) | |
| Op. 61 | Piano Sonata No. 2 (1942) | |
| Op. 62 | Six Songs (1942) | |
| Op. 63 | Native Country (1942) | |
| Op. 64 | Zoya, film score (1944) | |
| Op. 65 | Symphony No. 8 in C Minor (1943) | |
| Op. 66 | Russian River (1944) | |
| Op. 67 | Piano trio No. 2 in E Minor (1944) | |
| Op. 68 | Sting Quartet No. 2 in A Major (1944) | |
| Op. 69 | Six Children's Pieces (1944-1945) | |
| Op. 70 | Symphony No. 9 in E Flat Major (1945) | |
| Op. 71 | Simple People, film score (1945) | |
| Op. 72 | Two Songs (1945) | |
| Op. 73 | Sring Quartet No. 3 in F Major (1946) | |
| Op. 74 | Poem on the Homeland (1947) | |
| Op. 75 | The Young Guard, film score (1947-1948) | |
| Op. 75a | Suite from The Young Guard (1951) | |
| Op. 76 | Pirogov, film score (1947) | |
| Op. 76a | Suite from Pirogov (1947) | |
| Op. 77 | Violin Concerto No. 1 in A Minor (1947-1948, 1955) | |
| Op. 78 | Michurin, film score (1948) | |
| Op. 78a | Suite from Michurin (1964) | |
| Op. 79 | From Jewish Folk Poetry (1948) | |
| Op. 80 | Encounter on the Elbe, film score (1948) | |
| Op. 80a | Suite from Encounter at the Elbe (1949?) | |
| Op. 81 | Song of the Forests (1949) | |
| Op. 82 | Fall of Berlin, film score (1949) | |
| Op. 82a | Suite from The Fall of Berling (1949) | |
| Op. 83 | String Quartet No. 4 in D Major (1949) | |
| Op. 84 | Two Songs (1950) | |
| Op. 85 | Belinsky, film score (1950) | |
| Op. 85a | Suite from Belinsky (1960) | |
| Op. 86 | Four Songs (1951) | |
| Op. 87 | Twenty-four Preludes and Fugues (1950-1951) | |
| Op. 88 | Ten Poems (1951) | |
| Op. 89 | The Unforgettable Year 1919, film score (1951) | |
| Op. 89a | Suite from The Unforgettable Year 1919 (1951) | |
| Op. 90 | The Sun Shines Over Our Motherland (1952) | |
| Op. 91 | Four Monologues (1952) | |
| Op. 92 | String Quartet No. 5 in B Flat Major (1952) | |
| Op. 93 | Symphony No. 10 in E Minor (1953) | |
| Op. 94 | Concertino for Two Pianos (1953) | |
| Op. 95 | The Song of the Great Rivers (Unity), film score (1954) | |
| Op. 96 | Festive Overture (1954) | |
| Op. 97 | The Gadfly, film score (1955) | |
| Op. 97a | Suite from The Gadfly (1955) | |
| Op. 98 | Five Songs (1954) | |
| Op. 99 | The First Echelon, film score (1956) | |
| Op. 99 | Violin Concerto No.1 in A Minor, revised (rev. 1955) | |
| Op. 99a | Suite from The First Echelon (1956) | |
| Op. 100 | Spanish Songs (1956) | |
| Op. 101 | String Quartet No. 6 in G Major (1956) | |
| Op. 102 | Piano Concerto No.2 in F Major (1957) | |
| Op. 103 | Symphony No. 11 in G Minor The Year 1905 (1957) | |
| Op. 104 | Two Russian Folksong Arrangements (1957) | |
| Op. 105 | Moscow, Cheremushki, musical comedy (1958 ) | |
| Op. 107 | Cello Concerto No. 1 in E Flat Major (1959) | |
| Op. 108 | String Quartet No. 7 in F Shrp Minor (1960) | |
| Op. 109 | Satires (1960) | |
| Op. 110 | String Quartet No. 8 in C Minor (1960) | |
| Op. 111 | Five Days - Five Nights, film score (1960) | |
| Op. 111a | Suite from Five Days - Five Nights (1961) | |
| Op. 112 | Symphony No. 12 in D Minor, Pamyati Lenina (The Year 1917) (1961) | |
| Op. 113 | Symphony No. 13 Babiy Yar (1962) | |
| Op. 114 | Katerina Izmaylova, revision of Lady Macbeth (1956 ) | |
| Op. 115 | Overture on Russian and Kirghiz Folk Themes (1962) | |
| Op. 116 | Hamlet, film score (1963-1964) | |
| Op. 116a | Suite from Hamlet (1964) | |
| Op. 117 | String Quartet no. 9 in E Flat Major (1964) | |
| Op. 118 | String Quartet No. 10 in A Flat Major (1964) | |
| Op. 119 | The Execution of Stepan Razin (1964) | |
| Op. 120 | A Year, Like a Lifetime, film score (1965) | |
| Op. 121 | Five Songs (1965) | |
| Op. 122 | String Quartet No. 11 in F Minor (1966) | |
| Op. 123 | Preface to the Complete Edition of my Works and Thoughts about this Preface (1966) | |
| Op. 126 | Cello Concerto No. 2 (1966) | |
| Op. 127 | Seven Songs (1967) | |
| Op. 128 | Spring, Spring (1967) | |
| Op. 129 | Violin Concerto No. 2 in C Sharp Minor (1967) | |
| Op. 130 | Mournful-Triumphant Prelude (1967) | |
| Op. 131 | October, symphonic poem (1967) | |
| Op. 132 | Sofiya Perovskaya, film score (1967) | |
| Op. 133 | String Quartet No. 12 in D Flat Major (1968) | |
| Op. 134 | Violin Sonata (1968) | |
| Op. 135 | Symphony No. 14 (1969) | |
| Op. 136 | Faithfulness (1970) | |
| Op. 137 | King Lear, film score (1970) | |
| Op. 138 | String Quartet No. 13 in B Flat Minor (1970) | |
| Op. 139 | March of the Soviet Militia (1970) | |
| Op. 140 | Six Songs (1971) | |
| Op. 141 | Symphony No. 15 in A Major (1971) | |
| Op. 142 | String Quartet No. 14 in F Sharp Major (1973) | |
| Op. 143 | Six Poems of Marina Tsvetaeva (1973) | |
| Op. 144 | String Quartet No. 15 in E Flat Minor (1974) | |
| Op. 145 | Suite (1974) | |
| Op. 146 | Four Verses by Captain Lebyadkin (1975) | |
| Op. 147 | Viola Sonata (1975) |